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Anti-missile, artillery and mortar rounds, abbreviated as C-RAM or counter-RAM, is a set of systems used to detect and/or destroy airborne missiles, artillery and mortar rounds before they hit ground targets or simply to provide early warning.
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The Phalanx 20mm Land Weapon System (also called C-RAM) is a land-based variant of the US Navy's Phalanx close-in weapon system, a radar-guided rapid-fire cannon for short-range missile defense.
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Both use a forward-looking infrared (FLIR) camera that allows their operators to visually detect incoming fire before opening fire. But while the Phalanx naval systems fire tungsten armor-piercing projectiles, the C-RAM uses the 20mm HEIT-SD (High-Explosive Tracer, Self-Destructive) munition originally developed for the M163 Vulcan anti-aircraft system. These projectiles explode on impact with the target or when the mark is ignited, thereby greatly reducing the risk of collateral damage from projectiles flying past the target.
"Iron Dome" is an Israeli missile system with a multipurpose escort system and self-guided missile defense devices. Thanks to the continuous increase in operational range, new improvements in missiles and interceptors, and the capability of surface-to-air missiles, it has become a full-fledged air defense system. By November 2012, the system had intercepted more than 400 rockets fired at Israel by militants from the Gaza Strip. Defense reporter Mark Thompson estimates that Iron Dome is currently the most effective and proven missile defense system based on operational success.
Nächstbereichschutzsystem MANTIS is a 35mm fully automatic C-RAM system manufactured by Rheinmetall based on Oerlikon's Skyshield. It has been used by the Luftwaffe since 2011.
A typical Italian Army Porcupine configuration consists of four fire units, one central control point for target designation and weapons control, and a 3D "track-on-scan" type radar system for target observation and tracking. Each long-range unit consists of a 20 mm M61A1 Gatling gun, an ammunition handling system, and a stabilized optoelectronic infrared (IR) tracking system.
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DRACO is a multipurpose anti-aircraft weapon station, R.A.M. and surface targets. It was developed for the Italian Army by OTO-Melara using the Ctauro 8x8 chassis of the wheeled armored vehicle. The main armament consists of a 76 mm/62 high-speed gun with an automatic ammunition loading system; The 76mm/62 gun is electrically controlled for elevation and rotation and is stabilized in elevation. DRACO can be mounted on 8x8 wheeled platforms, for combat support operations or convoy combat, as well as tracked vehicles or in point combat shelters. The 76mm/62 caliber main gun and automatic loading system are fully compatible with all 76mm cartridges and 76mm DART guided ammunition in use. DRACO can be fully controlled by two operators (commander and gunner) from a remote location in the case of a mobile installation or in a protected command shelter in the case of a fixed installation.
The LD-2000 SPAAGM is a ground-based short-range weapon system developed by China. The LD-2000 is based on the Chinese Navy's Type 730 CIWS. During operation, it is connected to the counter battery radar.
Goalkeeper CIWS is a Dutch close-in weapon system (CIWS) introduced in 1979. It is an autonomous and fully automatic weapon system for short-range defense of ships against highly maneuverable missiles, aircraft and fast-maneuvering surface ships. Once activated, the system automatically performs the tire air defense process from tracking and detection to destruction, including selecting the next priority target.
The AK-630 is a Soviet-Russian fully automatic close combat naval system based on a six-barreled 30mm rotary cannon. It is mounted in a closed automatic turret and is controlled by the MP-123 radar and television detection and tracking means. The main purpose of the system is protection against anti-ship missiles and other highly accurate guided weapons. However, it can also be used against fixed or rotary wing aircraft, ships and other small craft, coastal targets and floating mines.
Phalanx Gatling Gun Fires 20 Mm Editorial Stock Photo
The United States is developing its own guided weapons capability to counter the missile threat. A directed energy weapon is a ranged weapon system that damages a target by emitting highly focused energy, including lasers, microwaves, and particle beams. In 2016, the US Army awarded Kratos Defse & Security Solutions a $29 million contract to develop prototypes of such systems.
US defense contractor Raytheon is developing a laser-based option where cheap, focused lasers would increase range and reduce the time it takes to intercept a weapon. A proof of concept was demonstrated in 2006 on a 60 mm mortar.
The system is designed to destroy short-range missiles, artillery, and mortars at a range of up to 7 km (4.3 mi), which is too short to effectively intercept the Iron Dome system.
The Iron Beam uses a "directed high-energy laser beam" to destroy enemy targets up to 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) away. Indirect fire from mortars, rockets and artillery shells is a very serious problem for armed forces in combat. But with point defense systems like C-RAM, this kind of indirect fire can be compared.
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C-RAM, which stands for Anti-Reactive Missiles, Artillery and Mortar, is an indirect fire control (IFPC) weapon system designed to protect ground forces and forward operating bases from missile, artillery and mortar threats. C-RAM is not simply a single weapon, but rather consists of various systems that provide command and control, as well as the ability to sense incoming projectiles, warn, respond and intercept.
C-RAM components include Forward Air Defense Command (FAAD C2), Phalanx Ground Weapon Systems (LPWS), Light Anti-Mortar Radar (LCMR), Fire-Seeking Radar, Ka-Band Multi-Functional Radio Frequency Systems (MFRFS). ), air and missile defense workstation (AMDWS) and several other components.
The main component of the C-RAM system is the LPWS. It was modified from the US Navy's MK-15 MOD 29 Block IB Baseline 2 melee weapon system. Another component, the M61A1 20mm Gatling gun, is capable of engaging a target and firing at a rate of 4,500 rounds per minute. The Forward Area Air Defense Command and Control System (FAAD C2) integrates sensors, weapons and warning systems to intercept missiles and artillery.
One of the main differences between land-based and sea-based systems is the choice of ammunition. The Phalanx naval systems fire tungsten armor-piercing projectiles, while the C-RAM uses 20mm HEIT-SD (High Explosive Incendiary, Self-Destructing) ammunition. These projectiles detonate on impact or burn markings, reducing the risk of collateral damage if the projectiles miss the target.
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The naval equivalent of the C-Ram, the Phalanx Close-In Weapons System (CIWS), was first developed as an automated weapons defense system in 1973 and included the 20mmM61 VulcanGatling autocannon, which was used from 1959.
The Navy Phalanx system was first evaluated as a possible land-based option in 2004. Phalanx was chosen in part because it can be easily integrated with a wide range of sensors and systems designed to provide comprehensive protection of ground facilities.
In the ground configuration, the LPWS system is mounted on a wheeled platform to provide greater in-place stability and mobility for relocation and deployment.
The Centurion C-RAM can be mounted on, for example, a trailer or the back of an Oshkosh truck. In October 2008, Raytheon and Oshkosh introduced the Mobile Centurion, which mounts the HEMTT A3 system on a hybrid-electric heavy-duty truck.
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The first combat-ready C-RAM system was deployed to Iraq in 2010 to protect the Green Zone, an area of Baghdad used as the US embassy. Tests of this system have shown that it can shoot down 70-80% of rockets and mortars launched within its area of control.
Beginning in 2013, the Army Acquisition Executive (AAE) designated the C-RAM Intercept as an Army acquisition program and authorized the delivery of LPWS weapons and support equipment to IFPC/Avenger battalions. The hunt continues.
The C-RAM system has successfully intercepted hundreds of rockets and mortars fired over the "green zone", thus proving the system's capability as a defense system.
Radar systems with closed-loop surveillance technology to automatically acquire, track and engage targets. Ku-band, if you don't know, is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave frequency range of 12 to 18 gigahertz (GHz).
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The system can also be integrated with a variety of other sensors and systems to help create an overall protective "umbrella" that protects a specific location on the ground.
The gun's main armament is a 20mm Vulcan Gatling gun, consisting of six optimized barrels and with forward looking infrared sensors (FLIR). Barrels are locked at the muzzle, mid-barrel and breech to ensure greater accuracy and to allow fire to limit the dispersion of the shot.
The M61 is a hydraulic, electrically or pneumatically actuated, air-cooled, electrically-fired rotary Gatling gun that has been used in one form or another on various military aircraft, tanks and ships for over 5 decades. It was originally manufactured by General Electric.
The US Army also uses the M61 primarily in the M167 and M163 anti-aircraft systems.
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