Cr929 Aircraft - ), formerly known as the Comac C929, is an envisioned family of 250-320 seat long-haul wide-body aircraft being developed by CRAIC, a joint venture between China's Comac and Russia's United Aircraft Corporation (UAC). challenges the duopoly of Airbus and Boeing. Construction of the first prototype began in September 2021.
In June 2012, after assessing demand, Russia and China were to form a joint venture between UAC and Comac to develop a successor to the Il-96. Development was expected to take at least seven years and cost between $7 billion and $12 billion, with a production target of several hundred aircraft. Russia will provide its experience, and China will provide resources.
Cr929 Aircraft
A memorandum of cooperation was signed in May 2014, and a feasibility study was completed in autumn 2014. The UAC estimates that global demand for wide-body vehicles will reach 8,000 by 2033, including 1,000 in China. In November 2014, UAC proposed a range of 12,000 km (6,500 mi), while Comac indicated a gap in the market for a modest range of 7,400 km (4,000 mi); the initial capacity was designed for 250-280 seats, but was later reduced and increased. Preliminary design began in February 2015. A nine-year, $13 billion development program is expected to start in 2016, with commissioning in 2025. Comac was to design and build the fuselage, while UAC took care of the composite wing and tail.
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The contract was awarded in June 2015 with the aim of the first flight in mid-2021, certification and first deliveries in 2024. The airframe will be 50% composite and 15% titanium; UAC will deliver the first composite wings in 2019-2020.
In November 2015, a more economical upgraded version of the Ilyushin Il-96-400M was announced as a more achievable and affordable alternative.
At the Zhuhai Airshow in November 2016, Comac and UAC were looking for suppliers and approached Honeywell and United Technologies.
Comac and UAC estimate it will take 10 years to develop, meaning that the first delivery will take place in 2027, when the joint venture is established and the program launched in 2017.
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The China-Russia Commercial Aircraft International Corporation Limited (CRAIC) 50-50 joint venture was launched on May 22, 2017 in Shanghai with the goal of performing official flights and first delivery in 2025-2028. It aims to capture 10% of the Boeing-Airbus-dominated market of 9,100 wide-body aircraft over 20 years to 2035, with aircraft 10% to 15% cheaper to operate.
CRAIC is located in Shanghai, where the assembly line responsible for the program is located: technology development, production, marketing, sales, customer service and program management. The body is a composite material,
Between 2023 and 2045, UAC and Comac forecast demand for 7,000 wide-body aircraft at $1.5 trillion, averaging $214 million, with first delivery scheduled for 2027. The capacity of 280 passengers over 12,000 km is comparable to the Airbus A330-900. . With nine rows of economy class seats, the short body model seats 230 passengers, while the long body model seats 320 passengers. The main suppliers will be selected from among 169 companies by 2018 as the detailed design is expected to be completed and development will be overseen by a joint construction center in Moscow with a branch office in Shanghai employing about 100 professionals from both countries. Comac is responsible for the fuselage sections, horizontal and vertical stabilizers, wing fairings, nose fairing and landing gear; UAC develops a composite wing, flaps, engine pylons and main landing gear, if they are cheaper, made in China.
China could see a joint venture involving joint financial investment, rather than the sale of intellectual property, as Russia wants, with a research and development center in Moscow and aircraft production in Shanghai.
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The main design center is located in Russia, and Shanghai will also have its own design office, each half of the work.
Named CR 929 (CR stands for China-Russia) in September 2017, proof of concept scheduled for 2017, early configuration and initial design for 2018, design documentation for 2021, first flight for 2023 and entry into service for 2025 . Western gin will operate first, and then a local power plant will be developed between Russia's United Gine Corporation and China's AECC, which will begin testing in 2022 and receive certification in 2027.
The request for the propulsion system, including the genie and nacelle, was submitted on 21 December 2017 with a deadline of 30 May 2018.
On 15 May at the Shanghai Aviation Conference, the length of the structure increased to 63.25 m (207.5 ft), 45 cm shorter than the A330-900, but still with nine abreast economy seats that require 78,000 pounds sterling (£78,000). 347 kN). GE makes 76,100 pounds (339 kN) of the Gx-1B76 and Rolls-Royce makes 78,129 pounds (347.54 kN) of the Trt 1000 T.
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Engine manufacturers responding to the inquiry are China's AECC, Geral Electric, Rolls-Royce and Russia's UEC, with the remaining three for related systems.
On June 6, 2018, the general layout and basic geometry were approved: wing span and shape, fuselage length, nose and tail dimensions, keel size and shape, wing, landing gear and door arrangement. In the same Gate 3, which is expected to be completed by mid-2019, experimental aerodynamic studies, selection of structural materials and technical analysis of systems and equipment will be delivered.
Comac plans to begin construction in 2021, make its first flight in 2023 and make its first delivery in 2025, two years earlier than planned in November 2016. It must be more than 50% composite materials, maintain the integrity of the C919's cockpit, and have more electrical systems, including climate control, thrust reversal, braking, and gust-attenuating flight control.
The eight-year schedule may be delayed due to international management and is shorter than the Sukhoi Superjet 100 which took 11 years or the Comac ARJ21 in 13 years, such as the Irkut MC-21 in 2020 or the C919 in 2021.
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The request for proposals for the undercarriage was sent on July 31, 2018, and a response from Europe, China or Russia is expected by November 2018.
Germany's Liebherr is building the C919 chassis, Safran Landing Systems (formerly Messier-Bugatti-Dowty) is supplying the A330 and A350, Russia's Gidromash is building the MS-21, and Avic could bid, albeit less experienced.
The US-China trade war did not stop UTC Aerospace Systems from applying for the contract, and Canada's Héroux-Devtek did not receive a bid.
Leonardo-Finmeccanica has agreed to form a joint venture with Comac and China's Kangde Group until October 2018 to produce the Zhangjiagang center hull for $10 billion until 2040.
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The UAC predicts 8,000 aircraft worth $2.4 trillion over 20 years, 20% of demand from Russia and China, and out of a thousand aircraft, the CR929 can get half of sales: 250 in China, 50 in Russia and Southeast Asia. The cost of the program is estimated by UAC at $13-15 billion and by Comac at $20 billion over five years. The choice of Vdor and the preliminary design should be completed by d 2019.
By December 2018, Comac had produced the first prototype of a 15 x 6 m (49 x 20 ft) composite-based hull with a general specification due in the second half of 2019.
The definition freeze was scheduled for the first half of 2022, first flight in 2025, and certification in 2027.
By the spring of 2019, progress had slowed due to international cooperation issues, and gin selection was expected in September or October.
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By December 2019, tests in a high-speed wind tunnel were completed at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute in Moscow using a 1:39 scale model of the fuselage and wing.
By July 2020, the head of Irkut announced that the first deliveries had been postponed to 2028-2029 due to problems with cooperation with Chinese partners.
By June 2021, China and Russia appear to have put aside their differences over future market share and confirmed plans to start building a prototype in 2021, with the 'servant' flying out in 2023.
Three options are planned: -500 seats 250 passengers in three classes with a range of 14,000 km (7,560 mi), -600 has 280 seats and a range of 12,000 km (6,480 mi). ), and -700 - 320 over 10,000 km (5,400 miles).
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In a two-class layout, the -600 will have 291 seats, with 243 economy seats and 48 six-row business class seats, which can be split into eight four-row first class seats and 30 business class seats for 281 three-class seats . With the nine-row economy model -600, the 405-440 models could be accommodated with seat pitches of 32 and 30 inches (81 and 76 cm), respectively.
Initially, the genie will likely be supplied by Rolls-Royce or General Electric, which already have products in this class.
At the Zhuhai Air Show in November 2014, Avic Commercial Aircraft and United Gine Corporation (UEC) discussed a later high-thrust turbofan that was tuned in early 2015 for deployment between 2025 and 2030.
In September 2017, a memorandum of understanding was signed between UEC Rostec and China Aerogine Corporation: initially, joint research and analysis and determination of customer requirements, determination of engine design and parameters before testing in 2022 and certification in 2027.
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A more powerful version of the PD-14 aircraft engine, developed for the Irkut MS-21, can be developed after its certification in 2017 with a 50% larger core.
In May 2016 development began on the 35-ts (£77,000) Russian Aviadvigatel PD-35 for a twin engine.
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